This study was designed to obtain a standard blood sugar curve in coronary bypass grafting (CABG) surgery patients during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery had their blood sugar level determined by glucometer every five minutes during cardiopulmonary bypass. From 50 patients who entered in the study, 8 of them were excluded and the remaining of 42, completed the study. Blood surgar levels were also determined before and after initiation of CPB. The obtained curve from blood level determinations revealed a gradually increasing slope, reaching a peak during CPB. The curve has 5 parts, point A correlating to the stress of anesthesia and pre-CPB surgery, point B depicting the maximum point of hem dilution, point C correlating to maximum hypothermia, Point D correlating to rewarming phase, and point E depicting hemoconcentation.These five parts correlate well with the various phases of open heart surgery. 10 patients (23.3%) in the study revealed hyperglycemia above the acceptable level, and required insulin administration during CPB.

Background: Maintenance treatment of schizophrenia reduces relapse rates of this disease. This treatment is carried out for long periods of time and occasionally for lifelong. Dose reduction strategies are designed to maintain the benefits of antipsychotic drug therapy, while reducing the side effects. The authors tested a new dose reduction approach by increasing the interval between administration of intramuscular (IM) injections of fluphenazine decanoate. Methods: Fifty outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomly assigned to receive 25mg of fluphenazine decanoate intramuscularly, either every 2 weeks or every 6 weeks, for 54 weeks in a double-blind design. Results: The two-dose regimens did not differ significantly in the number of relapses or returning of symptoms, but the 1-year extrapyramidal symptom and dyskinesia scores, adjusted for baseline, were higher for the “every 2 weeks” than the “every 6 weeks” group. Conclusion: The use of injections of fluphenazine, every 6 weeks instead of every 2 weeks, may increase compliance and improve patient’s comfort as well as decreasing cumulative antipsychotic exposure, without increasing relapse rates or symptoms.

In this paper, we study the class of rings in which every P-flat ideal is flat and which will be called PFF-rings. In particular, Von Neumann regular rings, hereditary rings, semi-hereditary ring, PID and arithmetical rings are examples of PFF-rings. In the context domain, this notion coincide with Prufer domain. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for R=A µE to be a PFF-ring where A is a domain and E is a K-vector space, where K:=qf (A) or A is a local ring such that ME:=0. We give examples of non-fqp PFF-ring, of non-arithmetical PFF-ring, of non-semihereditary PFF-ring, of PFF-ring with wgldim>1 and of non-PFF Prufer-ring. Also, we investigate the stability of this property under localization and homomorphic image, and its transfer to finite direct products. Our results generate examples which enrich the current literature with new and original families of rings that satisfy this property.

Never aspire to confront your enemies (in a fight). Pray to God to be among those who seek to live peacefully with others. (Prophet Muhammad [PBUH]) Peace I leave with you,my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled, and do not be afraid. (Bible, John 14: 27) If we are to reach real peace in this world, and if we are to carry on a real war against war, we shall have to begin with the children. (Mahatma Gandhi) Looking around, it seems that world wars, especially in the Middle East, have started again, and different stakeholders are launching their guns and still threatening each other with more bloodshed to come. Thousands of thousands have been displaced,thousands have been killed, and apart from the right of survival, many do not have the right to flee. Every war is brutal violence against children and a child rights and protection crisis. The condition and the capacity of the health services in the conflict zones are usually poor, and they cannot properly support the injured civilians, especially children. In 2021, it was estimated that 450 million children in the world (one in six worldwide) were living in a conflict zone (1). Children receive a dramatic burden from armed conflicts by having developmental delay, physical injury, disability, behavioral consequences, and death. Over half of the 68. 5 million forcibly displaced people in 2017 were children, and many of them had spent their entire childhood as displaced people (2).

A "marriage" is one of the most important and effective status in Islamic law, which is the subject of many positive and obligatory rulings. Legal systems do not agree on the conditions of a valid marriage. The Islamic legal system, for example, recognizes a marriage that is essentially inconsistent with the standards of correct marriage in Christianity or the English legal system, and vice versa. This difference in law raises the question of what is the opinion of Islamic law regarding non-Muslim marriage? Does Islamic law merely consider a marriage to be valid only in accordance with Islamic norms, and does it consider that the marriage of non-Muslims, such as the People of the Book or the Buddhists, is void and ineffective? In this article, the author by relying on authentic narrations manners of wise men throughout history proves that in the doctrine of Islamic law, non-Muslim marriage is valid and has all the effects of marriage, provided that their marriage is valid in accordance with their own laws. In this regard, there is no difference between marriages of the People of the Book or marriages that are concluded in accordance with legal systems, such as the English legal system. The author presents this Shari'a ruling under the title of "the rule of all the people of marriage. "